5. Conclusion

We have observed some examples of soaping effects produced by Emill after reactive dyeing, printing, and in removing high-affinity unfixed and hydrolyzed dyestuff. Depending on the kind of dyestuff used (fixing rate, affinity), the dyeing depth (%, pale to deep), the kind of substrate (dyed or printed) or soaping equipment, bath ratio, and time and temperature (for soaping and rinsing before/after soaping), the result of soaping will differ considerably. The article mainly dealt with soaping effects which do not alter with any of the above conditions. Since circumstances are that reactive dyestuff is to be used more and more frequently, careful selection is expected for soaping agents according to the desired effect.

References:

(1) Luttringer: Tex chemis, col 25 (5) 27 (1993)
(2) Aspland: Tex chemist & col 24 (5) 36 (1992)
(3) Technical paper: Tex chemist & col 23 (No11) 21 (1991) 23 (No1) 13 (1991)
(4) Luttringer: Textilveredlung 25 (No10) 313 (1990)
(5) Thomsen: Mell Textilber 75,220, 3 / 1994
(6) G. L. Bhalla: Am Dyestuff Repter 81, (No7) 38 (1992)
(7) Kotani: Dyeing & Finishing 46 (No13) 693 (1994)
(8) CA 115 (18) 185801w
(9) CA 121 (22) 258574k
(10) CA 98 (10) 74296w
(11) CA 93 (4) 27692j
(12) CA 109 (26) 232705f
(13) CA 114 (26) 249244f
(14) CA 90 (26) 206270e